This would be considered starved plate and the B+ supply is +15V and not internally boosted, but the design does not include biasing so the first half 12ax7 only amplifies the bottom (-) half of the waveform, which is supplied via the boost amp. The second half 12ax7 reamplifies the flipped, attenuated signal (100K/4.7K resistor divider). I ran a SPICE simulation this morning and attached the results. The lowboost.png file is the output of the two tube halves (top is 1st half, bottom is the 2nd tube output) with a small input signal (low boost knob setting), hiboost.png is the same thing with a massively boosted input, and combogain.png is a combination plot. The harmonic distortion was 38% for the most distorted output.
I am not a fan of this design and I agree with Enzo - it does *something* --- but there is no duty cycle modulation you expect out of a true high-gain cascaded tube preamp when you overdrive the input, and it's going to add noise.
Have you looked at the classic PAIA Stack in a Box (SIAB)? it used a switching charge multiplier circuit to get the plate voltage up from 15V to almost 50V or so, getting it out of starved-plate region. I never built it, but it does seem to have a following of sorts.