Any asymmetrically distorting circuit will produce similar profile. E.g. single-ended common emitter amp.
And no, triode (in a specific circuit) won't do it across a wide range of output levels either: With small signal input the magnitude of distortion is negligible, as usual. With modest overdrive the distortion profile is as depicted. And with harder overdrive the magnitude of distortion increases (this including higher order harmonics), second and third harmonics becoming less prominent overall.
With a push-pull circuit the same triode produces almost no even order harmonic distortion at all, as usual.