I think it would be a very big step to try to understand "Logic IC's" from the start.
There are several websites to learn from, and also many books and information on the NET that can guide you on the subject. Texas Instruments have some good info but it might get complicated very fast.
I would start here : https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/digital-logic/all
The first picture shows you have a +4.8v supply that goes to 4 IC's (IC-301 to IC-304)
Pin 14 on the IC's is the positive voltage supply pin (Marked VCC)
Pin 7 on the IC's is the negative voltage supply pin (Marked GND)
In schematics VCC is often the marking for the positive supply, GND is the ground or 0V supply and finally VDD is often the negative supply.
So basically it just shows you have +4.8 volts to pin 14 on those chips and 0 volts on pin 7.
The second drawing you did is of IC303 (SN7472), it is a block diagram of its function, that IC is a "AND GATED J-K MASTER-SLAVE FLIP-FLOPS WITH CLEAR AND RESET".
What that means is that that is the very deep end of the pool for you where headaches lurk, you can try to understand it by reading up on it, I do and it gives me a headache even thinking about it.
All of those logic IC's have modules in them, and the modules are drawn with different symbols that indicates what they do, if you deal with them often its easy to follow but its been to long ago for me to try.
You might not be able to get the exact replacement part for all those IC's but there are many other chips that can do the same function with slightly different part numbers.
There are several websites to learn from, and also many books and information on the NET that can guide you on the subject. Texas Instruments have some good info but it might get complicated very fast.
I would start here : https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/digital-logic/all
The first picture shows you have a +4.8v supply that goes to 4 IC's (IC-301 to IC-304)
Pin 14 on the IC's is the positive voltage supply pin (Marked VCC)
Pin 7 on the IC's is the negative voltage supply pin (Marked GND)
In schematics VCC is often the marking for the positive supply, GND is the ground or 0V supply and finally VDD is often the negative supply.
So basically it just shows you have +4.8 volts to pin 14 on those chips and 0 volts on pin 7.
The second drawing you did is of IC303 (SN7472), it is a block diagram of its function, that IC is a "AND GATED J-K MASTER-SLAVE FLIP-FLOPS WITH CLEAR AND RESET".
What that means is that that is the very deep end of the pool for you where headaches lurk, you can try to understand it by reading up on it, I do and it gives me a headache even thinking about it.
All of those logic IC's have modules in them, and the modules are drawn with different symbols that indicates what they do, if you deal with them often its easy to follow but its been to long ago for me to try.
You might not be able to get the exact replacement part for all those IC's but there are many other chips that can do the same function with slightly different part numbers.